As a zero-emission
fuel, clean hydrogen liquid can be transformative for ports due to its ability
to reduce greenhouse gases, urban pollution, and fossil fuels.
The fuel can also provide benefits in reducing noise
pollution and NOx compared to fossil-fuelled operations.
The fuel provides untold benefits for ports: in
cargo-handling equipment; supply chain stakeholders; and, in the future,
potentially hydrogen-powered vessels.
Though concerns remain over the application of hydrogen into
fuel cells and the life cycle of the renewable fuel, the generation, storage,
and exportation of the fuel could offer ports and intriguing new business model
in the decades ahead.
Green hydrogen production
Liquid hydrogen fuel has traditionally been generated using
environmentally damaging fossil fuels: natural gas, fossil fuel by-product, or
coal.
Brown hydrogen is made from coal through the process of
gasification. Grey hydrogen accounts for more than 75% of the world’s
production of hydrogen, extracted from natural gas via a method called
steam-methane reforming.
The downsides to both of these methods is the emitting of
CO2.
However, ports are increasingly investing in leveraging
their expansive land facilities to generate hydrogen through electrolysis.
Electrolysis uses electricity to generate liquid hydrogen
fuel. Ports, which in some areas benefit from a healthy mix of solar power,
wind power, and hydrogen power, can use green electricity to produce the fuel:
producing green hydrogen.
Blue hydrogen production
Blue hydrogen is produced using natural gas, just like
standard ‘grey hydrogen’. CO2 is released when hydrogen is produced from
natural gas. By capturing and storing this CO2 in empty gas fields it is
prevented from entering the atmosphere.
The Port of Amsterdam announced it will be developing a blue
hydrogen H2Gateway plant, aiming to store the captured carbon in depleted gas
fields nearby.
Carbon capture and storage is the process of capturing was
CO2, transporting it to a storage site, and depositing it where it will not
enter the atmosphere.